Pollinator movement activity influences genetic diversity and differentiation of spatially isolated populations of clonal forest herbs

In agricultural landscapes, forest herbs live in small, spatially isolated patches. For their long-term survival, populations depend on animals as genetic linkers that provide pollen- or seed-mediated gene flow among different However, whether insect pollinators serve herb landscapes remains to be shown. Here, we used population methods analyze: (A) the diversity and differentiation of two common, slow-colonizing temperate species [ Polygonatum multiflorum (L.) All. Anemone nemorosa L.] within three Germany Sweden (B) movement activity most relevant associated pollinator species, i.e., bumblebee Bombus pascuorum (Scopoli, 1,763) hoverfly Melanostoma scalare (Fabricus, 1,794), respectively, which differ mobility. We tested indicated affected populations. Bumblebee indicators solely between patches both P. a way can explained by pollen-mediated contrast, reflecting total at patch (including within-forest activity) showed unexpected effects for plant-pollinator pairs might accelerated drift due enhanced sexual reproduction. Our integrated approach revealed bumblebees populations, even if they are more than 2 km apart from each other. No such evidence was found significant itself. also higher enhance recruitment thus diminishes temporal buffer clonal growth provides against habitat fragmentation effects.